Water–energy–food nexus in the circular economy: implications for climate mitigation

Papadas, D., Ghosh, B. and Liu, P. (2026) Water–energy–food nexus in the circular economy: implications for climate mitigation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 81. ISSN 18773435

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Abstract

The Water–Energy–Food (W-E-F) nexus creates difficulties for policy makers, public and private organisations seeking to define a clear pathway towards a sustainable economy. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, global consumption and resource use have followed a ‘linear economy model’. This review examines recent developments in circular W-E-F innovations, sustainable design tools, life-cycle methodologies and policy developments. Evidence from recent technological studies, optimisation frameworks and empirical assessments demonstrates the potential for substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions, integrated resource planning and circular value creation within agriculture, water management and energy production. The review finds that integrating circular economy (CE) principles into the W-E-F nexus remains crucial for climate mitigation and advancing sustainable resource management. Greater efficiency and reduced emissions across interconnected systems are essential to achieving these goals. Recent developments, technological advances and new policies can support efforts in redesigning the resource flow, improving socio-economic outputs and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This review paper contributes to the knowledge by highlighting the conceptual and methodological gaps on the W-E-F nexus, while recommending a framework that links CE approaches with climate mitigation.

Item Type:	Article
Divisions:	Departments > Harper Adams Business School
Depositing User:	Miss Anna Cope
Date Deposited:	13 May 2026 12:51
Last Modified:	13 May 2026 12:51
URI:	https://hau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/18369

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