Understanding positive animal welfare through good stockmanship: insights from UK sheep farmers

Muhammad, M., Stokes, J., Manning, L. and Huang, I.Y. (2026) Understanding positive animal welfare through good stockmanship: insights from UK sheep farmers. Frontiers in Animal Science, 7. ISSN 2673-6225

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Abstract

Scientific frameworks increasingly conceptualise good animal welfare as involving positive experiences, not just the prevention of suffering and pain. Yet less is understood about how farmers themselves conceptualise and pursue positive animal welfare in practice. This study explored how UK sheep farmers understand and pursue positive animal welfare and the extent to which their described practices align with contemporary scientific conceptions. Semi-structured interviews with 25 UK sheep farmers were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described practices consistent with contemporary positive animal welfare, including behavioural choice and feed choice, but rarely conceptualised these as positive animal welfare interventions. Rather, these practices were conceptualised as outcomes of good stockmanship and health management. The participants also described competing economic and environmental considerations, highlighting the practical trade-offs involved in animal welfare improvement. The findings suggest that the participating farmers and contemporary scientific frameworks share similar aspirations but differ in how they conceptualise and achieve positive animal welfare. The findings contribute to debates on positive animal welfare by providing an empirically grounded, farmer-centred perspective on how positive welfare is understood and pursued within commercial sheep farming systems.

Item Type: Article
Keywords: animal welfare, good life framework, positive animal welfare, reflexive thematic analysis, sheep farmers, stockmanship
Divisions: Departments > Harper Adams Business School
Research Centres > Centre for Social Science > Business and Land Based Decision Making
Depositing User: Mrs Susan Howe
Date Deposited: 08 Oct 2026 15:50
Last Modified: 08 Oct 2026 15:50
URI: https://hau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/18432

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