ESM-YOLOv11: A lightweight deep learning framework for real-time peanut leaf spot disease detection and precision severity quantification in field conditions

Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Li, S., Feng, S., Sun, Z., Cui, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Cheein, F.A.A. and Guo, W. (2025) ESM-YOLOv11: A lightweight deep learning framework for real-time peanut leaf spot disease detection and precision severity quantification in field conditions. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 238. ISSN 01681699

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Abstract

Leaf spot (LS) is a destructive foliar disease in peanuts, severely impacting yield. Compared to typical foliar diseases in crops, peanut leaves are smaller and denser, making the spots on the leaves challenging to detect and quantify accurately. Therefore, real-time precise monitoring and damage assessment of peanut LS disease are critical for agricultural decisions regarding the selection of disease-resistant varieties. In this context, the necessity of a lightweight model is paramount for effective deployment in real-world agricultural environments with hardware constraints. This study introduces a novel and advanced YOLOv11 model for rapid and accurate detection of peanut LS disease. First, an efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) module is incorporated into the backbone network to enhance feature extraction capabilities by enabling the model to focus on critical disease-related features across different spatial scales, thereby improving detection sensitivity for small and densely distributed lesions. Second, the Slim-neck module reconstructs the neck network by replacing original convolutions and kernel size 2 cross-stage component (C3k2) modules, reducing computational complexity and enhancing multi-scale feature fusion for improved speed and accuracy in real-time scenarios. Finally, the minimum point distance intersection over union (MPDIoU) loss function is employed instead of the traditional complete intersection over union (CIoU), which enhances the precision of bounding box regression by better penalizing misaligned or irregularly shaped predictions, ultimately contributing to more accurate localization of disease regions. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves notable lightweighting while maintaining superior detection performance: model parameters decreased by 3.87 %, floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) reduced by 7.94 %, detection precision reached 94.30 %, and the mean average precision (mAP) reached 96.90 %. The frame per second (FPS) on a central processing unit (CPU) improved to 26.6, representing a 10.37 % enhancement over the original model. Consequently, an intelligent peanut LS disease assessment system is implemented, enabling precise calculation of lesion area proportion and disease severity within entire images or selected regions. The system achieves a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.98 between calculated and manually measured lesion areas, with a disease severity assessment accuracy of 97.50 %, demonstrating satisfactory performance. The technological advancement offers substantial practical value for optimizing peanut cultivation practices, enabling targeted pesticide application, yield protection strategies, and accelerated screening of disease-resistant cultivars through quantitative phenotypic analysis.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Full text not available from this repository.
Keywords:	Peanut, Leaf spot, YOLOv11, Disease severity assessment
Divisions:	Engineering
Depositing User:	Mrs Susan Howe
Date Deposited:	27 Mar 2026 15:33
Last Modified:	27 Mar 2026 15:33
URI:	https://hau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/18343

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